Sesgos cognitivos en el emprendimiento: Un análisis de su dualidad e impacto en la toma de decisiones

Deivit Wilfredo Reynoso Espinoza; Cielo Melany  Mesinas Rojas

doi:10.22451/3002.nbr2025.vol11.1.10104

Autores/as

Deivit Wilfredo Reynoso Espinoza Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Cielo Melany Mesinas Rojas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22451/3002.nbr2025.vol11.1.10104

Palabras clave:

Sesgos cognitivos, emprendimiento, toma de decisiones, percepción del riesgo, capital social

Resumen

Este artículo examina la dualidad de los sesgos cognitivos en el emprendimiento, analizando cómo pueden funcionar simultáneamente como impulsores y obstáculos para el éxito de los emprendimientos. Se analizan los principales sesgos identificados en la literatura: exceso de confianza, ilusión de control y optimismo, así como otros sesgos relevantes como la falacia de planificación, la ley de los números pequeños, el anclaje, el efecto de arrastre y la aversión a la pérdida. Las investigaciones revelan que estos sesgos pueden tener efectos tanto positivos como negativos en el proceso emprendedor, influyendo en la toma de decisiones, la percepción del riesgo y el rendimiento empresarial. Además, se exploran factores moderadores como el género, la experiencia, la educación y el capital social, que influyen en la manifestación e impacto de estos sesgos. El estudio destaca la importancia de comprender estos sesgos para mejorar la toma de decisiones empresariales y sugiere estrategias para mitigar sus efectos negativos, proporcionando insights valiosos para emprendedores, educadores y formuladores de políticas en el campo del emprendimiento.

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Biografía del autor/a

Deivit Wilfredo Reynoso Espinoza, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

Candidato a Doctor por el Consorcio de Universidades (PUCP, U. de Pacífico, U. Lima, U. Cayetano Heredia). Magíster en Psicología con mención en Psicología Organizacional por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Bachiller y licenciatura en psicología por la UNMSM y Bachiller de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villareal (UNFV).

Cielo Melany Mesinas Rojas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú

Estudiante de 9.º ciclo de la carrera de Psicología Organizacional y de la Gestión Humana, Apasionada por el Clima y la Cultura, así como también el Desarrollo Organizacional, con una mirada estratégica alineada al rol del HR Business Partner.

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